Description
The objectives of this study are to evaluate the effects of crumb rubber and shale-oil residue on rheological properties of binders over the range of temperatures in which rutting occurs and to assess how temperature alters their effects. G*, δ and η* of 36 binders were determined at 52, 58, 64, 70, 76 and 82°C, and values of G*/sinδ were calculated. Results indicate that the effects of rubber and oil are antagonistic. Rubber tends to increase G*, η* and G*/sinδ values and tends to reduce δ values, whereas shale-oil residue tends to reduce G*, η* e G*/sinδ values and tends to increase δ values. Temperature highlights the positive effect of the rubber over the modulus and the elasticity and reduces the negative effect of the shale oil over the modulus and the elasticity. Response surfaces point out ideal proportions of asphalt, crumb rubber and shale-oil residue to meet the Superpave rutting parameter.
